性选择

将性选择解释为自然选择的一种形式：孔雀尾羽的失控选择、极乐鸟的求偶炫耀和蛙类的鸣叫；解释亲缘选择与利他行为——工蜂为何舍身保护蜂巢，狐獴为何甘愿冒险放哨（汉密尔顿法则、广义适合度）；用鹰鸽模型介绍动物行为中的博弈论；界定认知动物行为学，并梳理动物具有情绪、玩耍和文化的证据。

Explain sexual selection as a form of natural selection: runaway selection for peacock tails, bird of paradise displays, and frog calls; explain kin selection and altruistic behaviour — why worker bees die to protect the hive, why meerkats stand guard at personal risk (Hamilton's rule, inclusive fitness); introduce game theory in animal behaviour using the hawk-dove model; define cognitive ethology and survey evidence for animal emotions, play, and culture

评估问题 / Assessment

{{name}}能否解释：一只工蜂为保护蜂巢而死，虽然它自己从不繁殖后代，但这在演化上为什么完全讲得通？让这一策略成为成功策略的逻辑是什么？

Can {{name}} explain why a worker bee dying to protect the hive actually makes evolutionary sense — even though the bee never has its own offspring? What's the logic that makes this a successful strategy?