同情与共情

区分同情（“我为你感到难过”）与共情（“我理解你正在经历什么”）；培养积极倾听的技能：回应、复述、提出开放式问题，并克制过快解决问题的冲动；理解共情式好奇是对他人内心世界的真诚兴趣；练习陪伴身处痛苦中的人，而不试图去修复或淡化他们的感受；了解替代性创伤和同情疲劳，以及有共情能力的人如何在陪伴他人的同时保护自己的身心健康。

Distinguish sympathy ('I feel sorry for you') from empathy ('I understand what you're experiencing'); develop active listening skills: reflecting, paraphrasing, asking open questions, resisting the urge to problem-solve too quickly; understand empathic curiosity as genuine interest in another person's inner world; practise being present for someone in distress without trying to fix or minimise their experience; understand vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue, and how empathetic people can protect their own wellbeing while staying present for others

评估问题 / Assessment

当朋友正在经历非常困难的时刻，{{name}}是否能描述什么样的倾听者才真正有帮助，并解释共情与同情之间的区别，举一个听起来像是在支持、实际上却并非如此的例子？

When a friend is going through something really difficult, can {{name}} describe what makes a listener genuinely helpful — and explain the difference between empathy and sympathy, using an example of something that sounds supportive but actually isn't?