放热或吸热反应
Reactions That Release or Absorb Heat
区分放热反应（释放能量，温度升高）和吸热反应（吸收能量，温度下降），并列举日常生活和工业中的实例。
Distinguish between exothermic reactions (release energy, temperature rises) and endothermic reactions (absorb energy, temperature falls), with everyday and industrial examples
学习证据 / Evidence
- 从能量向周围环境释放或从周围环境吸收的角度定义放热反应和吸热反应。
- 从日常生活中各举出两个例子（如燃烧、暖手宝；光合作用、冷敷包）。
- 解释状态变化过程中的能量变化（熔化是吸热，凝固是放热）。
- 根据实验中的温度变化来判断反应类型。
- Defines exothermic and endothermic in terms of energy transfer to and from the surroundings
- Gives two examples of each type from everyday life (e.g. combustion, hand warmers; photosynthesis, cold packs)
- Explains energy changes during changes of state (melting is endothermic, freezing is exothermic)
- Interprets a temperature change in an experiment to classify the reaction type
评估问题 / Assessment
如果{{name}}摇晃运动冷敷包使其激活后变冷，或者点燃火柴后变热，他们能解释每种情况下发生的是什么类型的反应，以及为什么一个变热而另一个变冷吗？
If {{name}} shook a sports cold pack to activate it and it got cold, or lit a match and it got hot, could they explain what type of reaction is happening in each case and why one gets hot while the other gets cold?