基因突变

解释基因突变是DNA序列的随机变化，描述突变的成因（如辐射、化学物质、复制错误），并说明大多数突变是中性的，有些是有害的，少数是有益的。

Explain genetic mutation as a random change in DNA sequence, describe causes of mutation (e.g. radiation, chemicals, copying errors), and explain that most mutations are neutral, some harmful, and a few beneficial

学习证据 / Evidence

• 将突变定义为DNA序列的改变
• 说出至少两种可能导致突变的因素（诱变剂）
• 解释突变是所有遗传变异的原始来源
• 解释有益突变可以被自然选择选中

• Defines mutation as a change to DNA sequence
• Names at least two things that can cause mutations (mutagens)
• Explains that mutations are the original source of all genetic variation
• Explains that beneficial mutations can be selected for by natural selection

评估问题 / Assessment

如果{{name}}听说DNA可能会受损或发生改变，他们能解释什么是突变、什么可能导致突变，以及为什么大多数突变实际上并不会造成问题——但偶尔会带来新的变化吗？

If {{name}} heard that DNA can get damaged or changed, could they explain what a mutation is, what might cause one, and why most mutations don’t actually cause problems — but occasionally one leads to something new?