绘制粒子图

绘制并解释粒子图——用圆点表示固体、液体和气体中粒子的排列、间距和运动状态：固体粒子紧密、规则排列并在原位振动；液体粒子紧密、随机排列并相互流动；气体粒子间距很大、向四面八方快速运动——并利用这些图解释固定形状、固定体积和可压缩性等可观察的性质。

Draw and interpret particle diagrams — dot representations showing the arrangement, spacing, and movement of particles in solids (close, regular, vibrating in place), liquids (close, random, flowing past each other), and gases (widely spaced, moving rapidly in all directions) — and use these diagrams to explain observable properties such as fixed shape, fixed volume, and compressibility

学习证据 / Evidence

• 画出有标注的固体、液体和气体粒子图，正确表示粒子的排列方式和间距
• 利用粒子图解释为什么固体保持形状，而液体能够流动
• 画出状态变化（如熔化）时粒子的变化，并解释其中涉及的能量变化

• Draw labelled particle diagrams for solids, liquids, and gases showing the correct arrangement and spacing of particles
• Use their particle diagram to explain why solids keep their shape but liquids flow
• Sketch what happens to particles during a change of state (e.g. melting) and explain the energy changes involved

评估问题 / Assessment

如果{{name}}的科学老师画了两幅图，一幅是圆点紧紧排列成行，另一幅是圆点彼此分开很远并在到处移动，{{name}}能指出哪一幅代表固体、哪一幅代表气体，并用粒子的特点解释原因吗？

If {{name}}'s science teacher draws a diagram with dots packed tightly in rows versus dots spread far apart and moving around, can {{name}} tell you which represents a solid and which a gas — and explain why, using the particles?