飓风、龙卷风与季风

讲解飓风如何在温暖洋面上形成并增强（包括潜热释放和低压螺旋）；描述超级单体雷暴中龙卷风的形成过程；解释由海陆温差驱动的季风机制；介绍归因科学——科学家如何利用气候模式来计算气候变化是否以及多大程度上提高了某次极端天气事件的发生概率或强度。

Explain how hurricanes form and intensify over warm ocean water (latent heat release, low-pressure spiral); describe tornado formation within supercell thunderstorms; explain monsoon mechanics driven by temperature differences between land and sea; introduce attribution science — how scientists use climate models to calculate whether and by how much climate change increased the probability or intensity of a specific extreme weather event

评估问题 / Assessment

当科学家说气候变化让最近的一场飓风变得更强时，{{name}} 能解释他们实际指的是什么意思，以及科学家是如何弄清楚的——是哪种计算让他们能把某一次具体风暴与气候变化联系起来？

When scientists say that climate change made a recent hurricane stronger, can {{name}} explain what they actually mean and how scientists figure that out — what kind of calculation lets them link a specific storm to climate change?