DNA与基因
描述DNA的双螺旋结构（碱基对与互补配对），解释基因是DNA上编码蛋白质的片段，概念性地介绍中心法则（DNA → mRNA → 蛋白质），并讨论CRISPR基因编辑的伦理影响，包括潜在益处（如治疗遗传病）和担忧（如生殖细胞编辑、“设计婴儿”）。
Describe the double helix structure of DNA (base pairs, complementarity), explain how genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins, introduce the central dogma (DNA → mRNA → protein) conceptually, and discuss the ethical implications of CRISPR gene editing — including potential benefits (genetic disease treatment) and concerns (germline editing, 'designer babies')
学习证据 / Evidence
- 描述DNA为双螺旋结构，有四种碱基（A、T、C、G），其中A与T配对，C与G配对。
- 解释基因是DNA上编码特定蛋白质的片段，并且蛋白质执行人体的大部分功能。
- 描述CRISPR是一种能够切割和编辑DNA序列的分子工具，并提出至少两个关于其在人类中使用的不同伦理问题。
- Describes DNA as a double helix with four bases (A, T, C, G) where A pairs with T and C pairs with G
- Explains that a gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein, and that proteins carry out most of the body's functions
- Describes CRISPR as a molecular tool that can cut and edit DNA sequences, and raises at least two distinct ethical considerations about its use in humans
评估问题 / Assessment
如果{{name}}听说科学家编辑了一个人类基因以预防遗传病，他们能解释DNA究竟是什么、基因如何工作，以及为什么有些人认为编辑人类DNA会引发严重的伦理问题吗？
If {{name}} heard that scientists have edited a human gene to prevent a hereditary disease, could they explain what DNA actually is, how genes work, and why some people think editing human DNA raises serious ethical questions?