没有阳光的深海生命

对比光合作用（以阳光为能量来源）和化能合成作用（以氧化硫化氢等化学物质为能量来源）；描述热液喷口生物群落：化能自养细菌构成食物网的基础，供养着管状蠕虫、巨蛤和喷口蟹，整个过程不需要阳光；探讨深海生命对地球生命起源的启示；解释为什么NASA研究海洋热液喷口，把它们作为Europa和Enceladus上热液活动区域可能存在生命的类比对象。

Contrast photosynthesis (energy from sunlight) with chemosynthesis (energy from oxidising chemicals like hydrogen sulphide); describe hydrothermal vent communities: chemoautotrophic bacteria form the base of a food web supporting tube worms, giant clams, and vent crabs with no sunlight; explore what deep-sea life tells us about the origin of life on Earth; explain why NASA studies ocean vents as analogues for potential life around hydrothermal activity on Europa and Enceladus

评估问题 / Assessment

{{name}}能否描述一个生活在海底、依靠火山化学物质而非阳光获取能量的动物群落，并解释为什么科学家对这可能意味着其他行星上存在生命而感到兴奋？

Can {{name}} describe a community of animals living at the bottom of the ocean that gets its energy from volcanic chemicals rather than sunlight — and explain why scientists are excited about what this might mean for life on other planets?