物质状态的变化
How Materials Change State
运用粒子模型解释熔化、凝固、沸腾、冷凝和升华，并通过解读加热和冷却曲线来确定熔点和沸点。
Explain melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, and sublimation using the particle model, interpreting heating and cooling curves to identify melting and boiling points
学习证据 / Evidence
- 描述每种状态变化过程中粒子的变化情况
- 能够读取加热和冷却曲线，并从曲线上的水平阶段识别熔点和沸点
- 解释为什么在状态变化过程中温度保持不变
- 能够区分蒸发（发生在液体表面，可在任何温度下进行）和沸腾（达到沸点时，在整个液体中进行）
- Describes what happens to particles during each change of state
- Reads a heating/cooling curve and identifies the melting point and boiling point from the flat regions
- Explains why temperature stays constant during a change of state
- Distinguishes between evaporation (from surface, any temperature) and boiling (throughout liquid, at boiling point)
评估问题 / Assessment
如果{{name}}在锅里加热一块冰并画出温度随时间变化的曲线图，他们能解释为什么曲线会在某些阶段变平吗？以及在这个过程中，粒子正在发生什么？
If {{name}} was heating a block of ice in a pan and drew a graph of temperature over time, could they explain why the line goes flat at certain points — and what's happening to the particles when it does?