自然选择如何起作用
How Natural Selection Works
将自然选择解释为进化的机制：可遗传的变异 + 对资源的竞争 + 差异生存与繁殖 = 经过多代后等位基因频率的改变
Explain natural selection as the mechanism of evolution: heritable variation + competition for resources + differential survival and reproduction = change in allele frequency over generations
学习证据 / Evidence
- 描述自然选择发挥作用的四个条件（变异、可遗传性、竞争、选择）
- 将这一概念应用于具体实例（如细菌抗生素耐药性、桦尺蛾）
- 解释为什么具有有利性状的个体会留下更多后代
- 区分自然选择与进化（选择是机制；进化是经过许多代后的结果）
- Describes the four conditions required for natural selection to operate (variation, heritability, competition, selection)
- Applies the concept to a specific example (e.g. antibiotic resistance in bacteria, peppered moth)
- Explains why individuals with advantageous traits leave more offspring
- Distinguishes natural selection from evolution (selection is the mechanism; evolution is the result over many generations)
评估问题 / Assessment
如果{{name}}听说细菌对抗生素产生了耐药性，能否用自然选择来解释这是怎样发生的——而不是细菌‘选择’要改变？
If {{name}} heard about bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, could they explain how that happened using natural selection — without the bacteria ‘choosing’ to change?