红皇后假说

介绍红皇后假说——物种必须不断演化，才能在与共同演化的伙伴保持相对适应度；描述捕食者与猎物的军备竞赛（猎豹的速度与羚羊的速度、蝙蝠的回声定位与蛾类的听觉干扰），以及寄生虫与宿主的共同演化（兔子的黏液瘤病）；讲解达尔文的天蛾与兰花作为互利共演化预测未知物种的经典例子；理解共同演化是生物多样性的重要驱动力。

Introduce the Red Queen hypothesis — species must keep evolving just to maintain fitness relative to co-evolving partners; describe predator-prey arms races (cheetah speed vs gazelle speed, bat echolocation vs moth hearing jamming) and parasite-host co-evolution (myxomatosis in rabbits); explain Darwin's hawk moth and orchid as a classic example of mutualistic co-evolution predicting an unknown species; understand that co-evolution is a major driver of biological diversification

评估问题 / Assessment

{{name}}能解释一下进化军备竞赛的概念吗——捕食者和猎物如何不断演化出更好的攻击和防御策略来相互应对，却始终无法真正领先？

Can {{name}} explain the idea of an evolutionary arms race — how a predator and its prey keep evolving better attack and defence strategies in response to each other, never quite getting ahead?